Revista Iberoamericana de Investigación en Educación

Gender identity of children and adolescents: parental responsibility and inclusive education

Dayani Fundora Pedroso — 2025-01-02

Within parental responsibility, the task of parents to ensure the best interests of their children is a priority in terms of the assistance, support and understanding they must provide to children and adolescents (children and adolescents) in their gender identity process. The main objective is to establish proposals to ensure the best interests of children and adolescents in their identity process. Within the methodology applied, theoretical and empirical methods are used, as well as, the interview as an instrument applied to a sample of two parents, where one of them is a primary school teacher, and where gender stereotypes and disagreements with inclusive education were evidenced. In response to this, proposals based on respect for the rights of children and adolescents in their identity process are established, being relevant to develop an educational work that opens horizons to new levels of acceptance and normalization of gender identities, with the aim of creating an inclusive environment in schools and achieving respect for the rights of children and adolescents to explore their identity without prejudice.

Interactive simulator of Lator of obstetric and gynecological images (SIIMOG) for developing skills in clinical diagnosis

Julio González Maciel — 2025-01-06

This study evaluated the impact of the interactive SIIMOG simulator on the development of competencies in obstetric and gynecological ultrasound among students of the Ultrasound Diploma at the University of Valparaíso. Considering the value of ICTs for safe and controlled learning, the qualitative research included the implementation of SIMOG in the curriculum, providing access to real ultrasound images on a digital platform. This allowed students to interact in simulated scenarios to strengthen their diagnostic skills. Data collection was carried out through surveys and results analysis, reflecting a significant improvement in diagnostic confidence and the ability to apply clinical criteria in a risk-free environment. The findings suggest that the use of simulators not only promotes the development of critical and collaborative skills but also provides essential practical learning in medical education. In conclusion, the integration of interactive simulators like SIMOG helps reduce diagnostic errors and consolidates meaningful and safe learning for future professionals.

Experimental Representation for the understanding of the topic Gravitational Potential Energy

Hazell Judith Matute Arostegui — 2025-02-06

The objective of this research is to design a presentation for the understanding of gravitational potential energy, with second year students of Physics - Mathematics at UNAN-Managua/CUR-Estelí during the first semester 2023. A study was developed where the methodology used is of qualitative approach, therefore, descriptive and transversal. Twelve people were tested; nine second year students of Physics-Mathematics and three Physics-Mathematics teachers to apply instruments such as online interviews in a non-probabilistic sampling. An interview with the teacher to identify the educational methods used in the teaching-learning process and an interview with the students to analyze their difficulties and thus develop a demonstration to meet their needs. The results obtained were analyzed by means of tables. The teachers highlight certain tools used in the physics component, but present certain difficulties when making use of them, due to the time set for each block. Experimental demonstrations are of great support to the educational process in general.

Implementation of a virtual environment to enhance feedback from clinical tutors to nursing interns

Elena de los Ángeles García Lueiza — 2025-02-20

This project aimed to establish a virtual environment to strengthen the feedback skills of clinical tutors for nursing interns at the CESFAM Dr. José Bauza Frau, in the commune of Lampa. Using a qualitative methodology based on participatory action research, the four specific objectives were successfully achieved. First, the initial skills of the tutors were evaluated, identifying a low performance in several items, as only 16.7% of the actions necessary for effective feedback were fully carried out. Subsequently, a virtual environment was designed in Moodle 4.3.4, validated by experts in education and nursing, and successfully implemented. The tutors successfully completed all the course activities. The final evaluation showed significant improvements, with actions reflecting an adequate feedback process quadrupling. Additionally, the tutors expressed a high level of satisfaction, strongly agreeing with 80.4% of the survey statements. In conclusion, the teaching innovation succeeded in establishing an effective virtual environment to strengthen the feedback skills of clinical tutors, fulfilling the four proposed objectives, significantly improving these competencies, and generating high satisfaction among the participants.

Artificial intelligence in higher education: a replacement for teachers or a support tool?

Ricardo Valenzuela Caico — 2025-03-25

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) is emerging as an innovative tool that is transforming global higher education, including the specific challenges faced by the technical-professional sector in Chile. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of first-year Business Administration students in technical-professional higher education regarding the role of GAI compared to instructors in their learning process. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The sample included 200 students who participated in surveys and interviews to provide both numerical and contextual data. The results indicate that 93% of students value their relationship with instructors, 72% oppose replacing instructors with GAI, and 91.5% recognize the relevance of technology in education. Additionally, 65% emphasized the importance of personalized feedback from instructors. While students perceive GAI as a valuable tool, they highlight the irreplaceable role of instructors in terms of human interaction and personalized support. These findings suggest that the implementation of GAI should aim to complement, rather than replace, the role of instructors, ensuring a balance between technology and human interaction in the learning process.

Educational Strategy for the prevention of school violence in primary Education

Yoana de la Caridad Santana Rodríguez — 2025-03-15

Education must transform relationships among members of the educational community based on equity, collaboration, and mutual respect. The objective is to develop an educational strategy for the prevention of school violence in the fifth and sixth grades of this institution. This is the case at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Educational Institution in the Cárdenas municipality, Matanzas province. Manifestations of school violence are observed; however, the aspiration is to achieve attitudes and behaviors where empathic and assertive communicative relationships based on respect for others prevail. Theoretical, empirical, mathematical, and statistical methods were employed in the research process. The result was the design of an educational strategy, structured in phases, each with a system of actions aimed at students, families, and teachers to contribute to the prevention of school violence. This strategy was validated as very adequate or fairly adequate through expert judgment and in practice, when partially applied, achieving positive behavioral changes in the individuals involved.

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards Personalized Learning

Marco Antonio García Pacheco — 2025-03-31

This article systematizes the theoretical and methodological foundations and results on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, highlighting its impact on the personalization of learning and information accessibility. Using a mixed approach, AI applications in adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring and educational accessibility tools are analyzed, addressing perceptions, barriers and opportunities in local contexts. The research, conducted at the National University of Education (UNAE), involves students and teachers. Surveys and interviews are applied to explore the impact of AI in the educational process. The findings show that AI fosters personalization, equity and motivation in learning, improving the educational experience of students. However, significant barriers are identified, such as the lack of teacher training and adequate technological resources, which limit its effective integration. It is concluded that AI has a transformative potential in education, provided that it is implemented in an ethical and responsible manner, considering the needs of the users. This study provides guidelines for the application of AI as a complementary tool, optimizing teaching-learning processes and fostering educational innovation.

A THOUSAND CLASSROOMS: Pedagogical reinforcement in Citizenship Education for high school students

Johana Cruz Martínez — 2025-04-13

Objective: To develop a system of activities for learning Citizenship Education through the use of the Mil Aulas platform in academic reinforcement activities. Methodology: This research was conducted using a quantitative, applied, and cross-sectional approach with a correlational scope. Theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used to calculate measures of central tendency, Cronbach's analysis, R-squared, correlation analysis between variables, and expert methods to develop the ANOCHI Method. Excel spreadsheets and SPSS V25 software were used. Results: A system of activities was developed for learning Citizenship Education through the use of the Mil Aulas platform in academic reinforcement activities. Conclusions: An average increase of 1.92 in student grades was found. The Spearman correlation test showed a positive correlation between all variables selected as influential in academic performance, especially the work environment, collaboration, and addressing real-world problems. Results shown correspond to the criteria established by teachers and corroborated by the ANOCHI Method.

Application of Augmented Reality in the subject of Electrical Control

Yudelkis Reyes Aragón — 2025-04-13

Through the integration of virtual objects in the real world, Augmented Reality seeks to improve learning and understanding of concepts. This research aims to evaluate the impact of augmented reality in the teaching of Electrical Control at the Instituto Tecnológico Superior Universitario Oriente. It was based on an experimental, applied, transversal and correlational design where augmented reality was applied as a teaching medium in the subject of Electrical Control. It starts from applying theoretical methods. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, including a survey that was applied to a group of 32 students who took the subject as a diagnosis. This research involves the comparison of grades between two academic periods: 2023-02 (with the use of RA) and 2024-01 (with the application of RA). Results show that in 2024-01, students who used AR earned outstanding grades, while in 2023-02, lack of access to technology and in-person education decreased average grades. The importance of developing teaching strategies that effectively incorporate AR in virtual environments is highlighted, ensuring an enriching and successful educational experience for students.

The education of the value of national identity

Yadira Medina Quesada — 2025-06-01

Objective: To characterize the current state of national identity education at the "Primo Sánchez Pérez" educational institution in Calimete, Matanzas. Methods: This is a descriptive-explanatory study, following a mixed approach. All 5th and 6th grade students (70) and all their teachers (6) from the "Primo Sánchez Pérez" educational institution in Calimete, Matanzas, participated in the research. A documentary review was conducted. The students were administered an 11-item Likert scale. The instrument was assessed for consistency and reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which yielded 0.88. The six teachers were interviewed in-depth. Results: The students were familiar with and expressed respect for patriotic symbols and national attributes. Their in-depth understanding of Cuban history, their knowledge of the history of the town of Calimete, and their local traditions are affected. Conclusions: The application of science and ongoing professional development are required, as well as the implementation of educational strategies and coherent influences among the educational institution, its teachers, families, and community educational agencies.

Curricular transformations in Chilean Higher Education: A systematic review of approaches, tensions, and innovative proposals

Wilsy Michel Fernández — 2025-06-21

Objective: To systematically analyze the academic production on university curriculum in Chile, published between 2018 and 2024, through a review aligned with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Method: The databases Scopus, SciELO, and Redalyc were consulted, applying inclusion criteria that considered peer-reviewed studies, in Spanish or English, focused specifically on the Chilean university curriculum. Out of a total of 471 identified articles, 14 studies met the established thematic and methodological criteria. Results: The findings reveal the coexistence of functionalist, critical, and complex approaches, along with tensions related to normative fragmentation, institutional resistance to change, and weak territorial connections. In addition, innovative curricular models emerge, focused on sustainability, critical citizenship, digitalization, and participatory design. Conclusions: Despite existing obstacles, significant experiences were identified that support the advancement towards more inclusive, relevant, and context-sensitive university curricula.

Management of International Agreements at the Technical University of Manabí: Optimization for Institutional Development

Daniel Alfredo Delgado Gutiérrez — 2025-07-05

This research aimed to propose a comprehensive approach to optimize the management of international agreements at the Technical University of Manabí (UTM), through an adaptable model that maximizes benefits and mitigates challenges, thereby strengthening internationalization and institutional development. The methodology combined interviews with agreement managers and surveys of more than 500 members of the university community, complemented by a documentary analysis of the agreements managed between 2019 and November 2024. A comparative analysis was also conducted with the University of Seville’s model to identify best practices. The results reveal significant limitations at UTM, particularly in its organizational structure, availability of personnel, and technological resources, which negatively affect the effectiveness of the agreements. Nevertheless, key benefits were identified, such as student mobility, access to advanced infrastructure, and improvements in internationalization indicators. As a conclusion, an adapted organizational model is proposed, which includes the creation of a Vice-Rectorate for Interinstitutional Relations and specialized vice-deanships, aimed at strengthening the institutional management of international agreements and enhancing their strategic impact within the university context.

System of Activities Using Virtual Learning Resources: Subject Social Studies

Heidy Yisset Corozo Arroyo — 2025-08-20

Objective: To develop a system of activities using virtual learning resources in the subject of Social Studies in the eighth grade of basic general education to improve academic performance and develop critical and social skills. Methods: This is an experimental, applied, and cross-sectional research. Its scope is correlational, linking the improvement of the teaching-learning process resulting from the implementation of an activity system with improvements in academic performance and the development of critical and social competencies. Empirical methods were used to support the diagnosis and verification of the results. Other tests used were: Cronbach's alpha, R-squared, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk, Student's T-test, and correlation. Results: A system of activities using virtual learning resources was implemented in the subject of social studies in the eighth grade of basic education (Section 1). Conclusions: Post-intervention grades were significantly higher than initial grades (an increase of 2.03). Students' perceptions of the teaching-learning process improved, reaching 4.03. It was confirmed that the selected variables showed a positive correlation with the development of critical social skills and academic performance.

Oral health care in preschool education through cooperative learning

Liliani Cabrera González — 2025-09-03

This article presents the diagnostic stage of a project for managing contextualized learning at Estefanía Castañeda Kindergarten in the municipality of Coatzintla, Veracruz, Mexico. The general objective is to promote oral health care in preschool children to contribute to their comprehensive development. It is a qualitative research study using the action-research methodology. Work was carried out with 20 students: 8 boys and 12 girls attending the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades of preschool. Four instruments were applied to carry out the diagnosis: a learning styles test, another instrument for students on oral health, one for parents, and a semi-structured interview for the group’s lead teacher. Among the most relevant results, we found that 60% of the children do not brush their teeth three times a day; 67% have experienced tooth pain; 30% have gum pain, and 20% of the children are undergoing some type of dental treatment. In conclusion, it is necessary for children to learn to care for and maintain proper oral health. For this, cooperative learning is proposed as a pedagogical strategy.

The transformation of complex suburban communities through reading

Eraida Campos Maura — 2025-09-16

Objective: Systematize theoretical-practical conceptions of the promotion of reading in complex suburban communities as a space for socialization and transformation of their inhabitants. Methods: Methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive analysis, the systematization of experiences, are used to deepen the theoretical information on the topic, which makes it possible to reformulate theoretical budgets and systematize didactic concepts. Results: An educational strategy is designed. The actions are related to workshops, literary cinema, recreational-literary activities, recreational reading circle, and reflective reading circle. Conclusions: Reading, from a comprehensive, integrative and interdisciplinary approach, is designed as key and basic content for social processes.

The historical novel in the teaching-learning process of Cuban history

Suleydis González Acosta — 2025-09-21

Objective: To establish the basis for the use of historical novels in the teaching-learning process of Cuban History. The research process was guided by the dialectical materialist method, which supports the following theoretical methods: historical-logical, inductive-deductive, systemic, modeling, and, within the empirical methods: documentary study, observation, survey, and interview. An essentially qualitative methodology was developed. The presented result was based on the theoretical systematization carried out and the diagnosis applied at the Camilo Cienfuegos Military School in Matanzas, which allowed us to conclude that there is a lack of systematicity in the use of historical novels in the teaching-learning process of the subject, which is why it is necessary to design a didactic strategy aimed at solving this problem, for which the potential of Cuban History will be taken into account.

Professional certifications and labor market insertion: perspective of the Mechanical Engineering and Management student

Jesús Alejandro Quiroz Aguilar — 2025-09-29

This work analyzes the relevance of professional certifications for mechanical engineering administrators. The research employed a quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional approach, utilizing a structured interview with 15 graduates and a three-item Likert-type scale instrument with a closed-ended question to gather opinions from a convenience sample of 60 students from the final semesters. The primary objective is to examine students' perceptions of certifications in the workplace, both to promote the acquisition of these certifications and for their inclusion in the academic program. The results indicate that, although professional certifications are not mandatory for employment, they provide competitive advantages in the labor market. Similarly, in the context where the study was conducted, they constitute an area of opportunity.

Impacts of the University Program for Transborder Development Studies

Andrea Mena Álvarez — 2025-10-13

The University Program for Transborder Development Studies (PUET) of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas aims to improve the quality of life for communities in border regions by promoting sustainable development, education, human rights, and support for migrant populations. Its methods employ a mixed and innovative approach, integrating analysis, policy advocacy, and social intervention. This strategy combines academic training, applied research, and university outreach, coordinating actions with various levels of government and civil society organizations, with particular attention to human mobility in the Mexico-Chiapas-Tabasco corridor. The results obtained stem from the execution of substantive activities and community assistance programs targeted at populations in contexts of mobility, carried out in collaboration with national and international institutions. In conclusion, the PUET has established itself as a long-term strategy that effectively links university work with the complex realities of transborder social issues, generating strategic synergies and positioning itself as a benchmark for integrating knowledge and action for regional social transformation.

Psychological Well-Being and Work Factors among Current Students and Graduates of a Socio-Legal Master’s Program

Cristian Céspedes Carreño — 2025-10-26

In Chilean higher education, perceived stress and burnout have become established as significant problems affecting psychological well-being, especially in postgraduate programs that require balancing work, academic, and family demands. Family well-being appears to be a potential protective factor, although there are few comparisons between current students and graduates. This study aimed to compare levels of perceived stress, burnout, and family well-being between current students (n=71) and graduates (n=36) of the Master's Program in Socio-Legal Intervention in Families, considering differences according to sex, age, and emotional status. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using the PSS-10, a brief burnout scale, and a family well-being scale with 107 participants (80% women; mean age 39.7 years). Welch's t-tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions were used. No significant differences were observed in stress or burnout between the groups, but significant differences were found in family well-being, which was more favorable among graduates. Multivariate analysis indicated that burnout and stress negatively predict family well-being. Differences were also found by sex, with women reporting higher rates of burnout. The results highlight the need for institutional interventions aimed at strengthening work-life balance and postgraduate support.